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Reference News

2001 年 8 月 20 日 · 第 11 版

本页目录(3 篇)

双语图片

&nbsp1、“A state must never lose the mono&nbspp&nbspol&nbspy on the use of force and the abilit&nbspy to g&nbspuarantee the safet&nbspy of a summit.”
    “国家绝不可丧失动武的垄断权和保证峰会安全的能力。”
    意大利内政部长斯卡约拉说。他把3名负责热那亚峰会保安的警官革职,但拒不为警察动用武力镇压示威道歉。
   &nbsp2、“There are some 5000 Mafiosi and 4 million Sicilians.We should win,but it's not that wa&nbspy.”
    “黑手党有约五千党徒,西西里有约400万人。我们该赢的,可事实并不是那样。”意大利巴勒莫总检察官格拉索说。他的书《隐形的黑手党》最近出版。他说一黑手党头目1963年起就被通缉,却屡次在西西里居民的掩护下脱身。
   &nbsp3、“I sometimes g&nbspet six or seven weddin&nbspg invitations a week.The&nbspy are like bills to p&nbspa&nbspy.”
    “有时我一星期收到六七张婚礼请柬,就像待付的帐单。”
    韩国汉城一家餐厅主人黄义乾说。汉城百位名人呼吁市民办红白喜事要避免奢侈铺张,只邀请近亲好友,谢绝现金、贺礼、帛金、花圈。
   &nbsp4、“I'd be at the 10—metre mark when he was done.”
    “我才跑到10米标志处,他都跑完了。”
    美属萨摩亚群岛田赛运动员米萨皮卡因本国选手名额调整而参加了男子100米跑。他开玩笑地描述世界百米记录保持者格林将他远远抛在后面。米萨皮卡的成绩为14秒28。
   &nbsp5、“Hot.M&nbspu&nbspgg&nbspy.Ick&nbspy.Stick&nbspy.”
    “热。闷热。粘糊糊。湿热。”
    美国纽约居民卡伦巴赫说。
    热浪袭击美国,使纽约州的气温达到38摄氏度,新泽西州的高温达47度。图为一男子在喷泉中避暑降温。
   &nbsp6、“It is far more le&nbspg&nbspitimate to have p&nbspi&nbspg or&nbspg&nbspans for human survival than p&nbspi&nbspg meat for su&nbspp&nbspermarket.”
    “用猪的器官救人比超级市场卖猪肉合理合法得多。”
    美国卫生及公众服务部异种移植顾问委员会主席范德普尔说。美国科学家认为猪器官移植人体大有可为,因为猪的器官多与人类的很相似,尤其是心脏。
    (香港《明报》)

有此一说

如果我们不能在就近的灯柱上吊死那些人,我也会在舞台上象征性地吊死他们。
    ——尼日利亚剧作家、非洲第一位诺贝尔文学奖得主沃莱·索因卡。他曾因争取民主自由而遭到独裁者的迫害,流亡海外。
    丑闻、运动员、运动项目,我全试过。可我没法使一个人来电话。
    ——美国盐湖城一电台节目主持人菲内斯。他说自己无法吸引听众打电话到电台谈冬季奥运会。今年冬奥会的主办城市盐湖城的居民反应冷淡。
    现在赛跑是一种生计。要是我今天赛跑,我会跑出快一点的成绩。
    ——1960年奥运会1500米跑金牌得主埃利奥特。他退出田径赛场时年仅22岁,他说当时没人把赛跑当作事业,而如今的世界田径“黄金联赛”奖金诱人。
    (香港《明报》)

不再使用minorit y一词(英文精解)

上个月,圣迭戈市政委员会经表决决定,官方用语中不再使用minorit&nbspy这个词。
    在加利福尼亚州,没有哪个种族群体、民族群体或语言群体处于多数地位。这种情况是不是使得大家都成了minori-t&nbspy(少数族裔、少数群体)了呢?只有对统计人员和人口学家来说才是如此。首先,一个minorit&nbspy是个群体,而不是一个个人。你可以说,“我是一个minorit&nbspy的一员,”但是,倘若你说“我是一个minorit&nbspy”,你就超越了用词恰当的界限。人们常常超越这一界限。
    其次,minorit&nbspy一词半个世纪以来已具有了“非白人”的意义。白种的犹太人、穆斯林和佛教徒虽然也自我认定是属于minorities,但其主要意思很清楚:只要说“我是minorit&nbspy美国人”,那么大家就知道,你的意思是说你是黑人、拉美裔、亚裔、印第安人或是你对人口普查人员说的任何一个混血种。
    正在编纂《耶鲁引语大词典》的弗雷德·夏皮罗说,这个词获得上述词义,是1938年,当时最高法院在美国诉卡罗琳产品公司一案中,在一条注脚里把宗教群体、少数民族群体、民族群体和种族群体称作“分离的、与外界隔绝的minorities”。1949年,《黑人教育杂志》季刊首次把这个名词用作形容词,使用了“minorit&nbspy(少数族裔)工人”字样。
   &nbsp1977年出现了一个转折点,《华盛顿邮报》那年报道说:“我国居首位的黑人城市华盛顿,有着超过70%的少数(族裔)人口……”。接着该报自问道:“超过70%的‘minorit&nbspy’人口?”该报将其称之为“种族数学”,并发表社论,说该报宁可要原有的现实数学。
    克林顿总统在最后一周的一次告别讲话中提出了这样一个深刻的问题:“当美国没有种族占多数的时候,ma&nbspj&nbsporit&nbspy(多数种族)和minorit&nbspy(少数种族)这两个词语具有什么意义呢?”
    他没有继续任职到得出一个答案的时候,但是我的答案会是:抛弃minority一词种族方面的意义。圣迭戈的人并没有发疯。
    在美国,非拉美裔白人仍然占全国的多数。但是,在美国100个人口最众多的城市中,有一半以上非白人占多数,这使得许多白人在他们所居住的城市里成了少数。这个新的minorit&nbspy正在学习做到摆脱白人高人一等的习气。
    (美国《纽约时报杂志》)
   &nbspTHE END OF MINORITY
   &nbspBy William Safire
   &nbspThe San Die&nbspg&nbspo Cit&nbspy Council last month voted to strike the word minorit&nbspy&nbspfrom official use.
   &nbspIn California,no racial or ethnic or lin&nbspg&nbspuistic g&nbsprou&nbspp is in the ma&nbspj&nbsporit&nbspy.Does that make ever&nbspy&nbspbod&nbspy a minorit&nbspy?Onl&nbspy to statisticians and demo&nbspg&nbspra&nbspp&nbsphers.First,a minorit&nbspy&nbspis a g&nbsprou&nbspp,not an individual;y&nbspou can sa&nbspy,“I am a member of a minorit&nbspy,”but y&nbspou strain the bounds of g&nbspood usa&nbspg&nbspe when y&nbspou sa&nbspy,“I am a min-orit&nbspy.”This bound is strained fre&nbspq&nbspuentl&nbspy.
   &nbspSecond,minorit&nbspy&nbspin the p&nbspast half—centur&nbspy has taken on a meanin&nbspg of “nonwhite.”Th&nbspou&nbspg&nbsph white Jews,M&nbspuslims and Buddhists are also self—identifie&nbspd as minorities,the p&nbsprimar&nbspy sense is clear:sa&nbspy,“I'm a minorit&nbspy American,”an&nbspd ever&nbspy&nbspone knows y&nbspou mean y&nbspou are black,His&nbspp&nbspanic,Asian,American Indian or whatever combin-ation y&nbspou told the census taker.
   &nbspThe word g&nbspained that sense,sa&nbspy&nbsps Fred R. Sha&nbspp&nbspiro,who is editin&nbspg the Yale Dictionar&nbspy of Quotations,whe&nbspn the Su&nbspp&nbspreme Court in the 1938 United States v. Carolene Products Co. referred in a footnote to reli&nbspg&nbspious,ethnic,national and racial g&nbsprou&nbspp&nbsps as “discrete and insular minorities.”In 1949,The Journal of Ne&nbspg&nbspro Education first used the noun as an ad&nbspj&nbspective in writin&nbspg of “minorit&nbspy&nbspworkers.”
   &nbspA turnin&nbspg p&nbspoint came when The Washin&nbspgton Post in 1977 re&nbspp&nbsported,“Washin&nbspg&nbspton,the nation's p&nbspremier black cit&nbspy,with a minorit&nbspy&nbspp&nbspo&nbspp&nbspulation of more than 70 p&nbspercent….”The news&nbspp&nbspa&nbspp&nbsper then asked itself,“A‘minorit&nbspy'population of more than 70 p&nbspercent?”That it characterized as“racial math”and editorialized that it p&nbspreferred the old,re-alistic math.
   &nbspIn one of his final—week farewells,President&nbspBill Clinton p&nbsposed the p&nbsprofound q&nbspuestion,“W&nbsphat will the terms ma&nbspj&nbsporit&nbspy and minorit&nbspy mean when there is no ma&nbspj&nbsporit&nbspy race in America?”
   &nbspHe did not sta&nbspy for an answer,but nine would be,Dro&nbspp the racial sense of minorit&nbspy.The&nbspy're not craz&nbspy in San Die&nbspg&nbspo.
   &nbspIn the United States,non—His&nbspp&nbspanic whites still make up the national ma&nbspj&nbsporit&nbspy.But more than half of the 100 most pop&nbspulous cities have a nonwhite ma&nbspj&nbsporit&nbspy,which makes man&nbspy whites a minorit&nbspy in their hometowns.That new minorit&nbspy&nbspis learnin&nbspg not to g&nbspet was&nbspp&nbspish.